JLPT N3 Verbs — Change & State: 53 Essential Verbs (2026)
Complete JLPT N3 verbs of change, state, and occurrence with readings and example sentences.
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JLPT N3 change and state verbs cover 53 essential verbs describing transformation, occurrence, and physical/spatial states. This category builds heavily on the transitive/intransitive pattern introduced at N4, extending it with more nuanced verbs of change.
This article is part of our JLPT N3 Complete Vocabulary Guide. Practice all 53 verbs with the N3 Verbs 2 deck in Onigiri Anki.
Increase & Decrease (10)
These verbs describe quantity and size changes — essential for describing trends, growth, and reduction in N3 passages.
人口が減っています。 — The population is decreasing.
出費を減らしたいです。 — I want to decrease my expenses.
勉強の時間を増やしたいです。 — I want to increase my study time.
運動のあとで、足がよく伸びます。 — My legs stretch well after exercise.
寝る前に、腕を伸ばしてください。 — Please stretch your arms before sleeping.
そのニュースはすぐに広がりました。 — The news spread quickly.
場所を作るために、机を広げましょう。 — Let's spread out the table to make space.
食べすぎて、おなかが膨らみました。 — I ate too much, so my stomach swelled.
手を上げてください。 — Please raise your hand.
あと少し時間が残ります。 — Only a little time remains.
State Change (10)
Verbs describing transformation between physical states — melting, freezing, burning — common in descriptive N3 text.
空に虹が現れました。 — A rainbow appeared in the sky.
道で事故が起こりました。 — An accident happened on the road.
彼は学校で問題を起こしました。 — He caused trouble at school.
ゆきが太陽で溶けました。 — The snow melted in the sun.
きのうの夜、水が凍りました。 — The water froze last night.
スープは冷えると固まります。 — The soup solidifies when it cools.
その野菜はそこに置くと腐ります。 — The vegetables will rot if we leave them there.
紙が火で燃えました。 — The paper burned in the fire.
シャツが破れました。 — My shirt tore.
この薬は子どもの風邪を治します。 — This medicine will cure the child's cold.
Position & Space (10)
These verbs describe spatial relationships and changes — overlapping, filling, dividing — useful for precise descriptions.
友だちと離れています。 — I am separated from my friend.
この二つの会議は重なっています。 — These two meetings overlap.
この本をここに重ねてください。 — Please stack these books here.
会議のあと、部屋が空きました。 — The room became free after the meeting.
体育館はたくさんの人で埋まりました。 — The gymnasium was filled with many people.
箱をおもちゃで埋めました。 — We filled the box with toys.
地震で道が傾きました。 — The road tilted because of the earthquake.
この道はここで分かれます。 — This road branches here.
このケーキを四つに分けてください。 — Please divide this cake into four pieces.
太陽がゆっくり海に沈みました。 — The sun slowly sank into the sea.
Occurrence & Communication (10)
Verbs describing events happening and information being conveyed — key for narrative and news-style N3 passages.
友だちに私の気持ちが通じました。 — My feelings were understood by my friend.
そのいい知らせはすぐ伝わりました。 — The good news spread quickly.
窓を通してください。 — Please let the air through the window.
窓に顔が映ります。 — My face is reflected in the window.
かがみがわたしの顔を映します。 — The mirror reflects my face.
彼の意見は私のと異なります。 — His opinion differs from mine.
犬の耳に毛が生えました。 — Hair grew on the dog's ears.
私は六時に覚めました。 — I woke up at six o'clock.
駅に向かいました。 — We headed toward the station.
雨が止みました。 — The rain has stopped.
The Transitive/Intransitive Pattern Continues at N3
N3 extends the N4 transitive/intransitive pattern with more sophisticated pairs: 伸びる/伸ばす (stretch, intransitive/transitive), 広がる/広げる (spread, intransitive/transitive), 分かれる/分ける (divide, intransitive/transitive). Mastering these pairs together — noting which one takes a direct object — is essential for accurate N3 grammar.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between 起こる and 起こす?
起こる (okoru) is intransitive — something happens by itself: 事故が起こりました (an accident happened). 起こす (okosu) is transitive — someone causes something to happen: 彼は問題を起こしました (he caused trouble). This is a classic N3 transitive/intransitive pair.
Why are there so many verbs for physical state change?
N3 reading passages often include descriptive or scientific-style text (weather, cooking, physical processes) that requires precise verbs for melting, freezing, hardening, and similar transformations — vocabulary that wasn't necessary at N4/N5.
Practice All 53 N3 Change & State Verbs
Import the N3 Verbs 2 deck into Onigiri Anki and master transformation vocabulary with spaced repetition.